TCP-IP model

• is the more practical protocol that you can use and implement in the real world.
• has 4 layers that combine some of the functionality from the OSI model

the 4 layers:

Link or Network interface layer. whichever one you wanna call it:

• takes care of the physical transmission of the data through ethernet, wifi and other stuff
• combines the functionality from the physical and data link layers of the OSI model

Internet layer:

• same as the network layer from the OSI model

Transport layer:

• same as the transport layer from the OSI model as well.
• uses TCP and UDP protocols

Application layer:

• is a combination of the session, presentation and application layers from the OSI model
• key protocol examples:
  • HTTP and HTTPS
  • FTP
  • SMTP
  • DNS to handle domain name stuff